VARIETIES OF CENTAURIUM HILL IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE: THE BREADTH OF SPECIES, THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND UTILISATION

Ye. Ya. Kravcheniuk, O. V. Soroka, M. Z. Prokopiak, L. R. Hrytsak, N. M. Drobyk

Abstract


The article presents a comprehensive analysis of species of the genus Centaurium Hill (family Gentianaceae) distributed within the flora of Ukraine. The analysis takes into account the taxonomic composition, distribution patterns, biological activity, and directions of practical use. The relevance of the study is predicated on three factors. Firstly, there is an increasing anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems. Secondly, there is a growing interest in medicinal plants of natural origin. Thirdly, there is a need for scientifically grounded conservation of plant resources.
The present study analyses the position of the genus Centaurium within the family Gentianaceae. In addition, a general characterisation of the morphological and ecological features of its representatives is provided. It has been established that four species of the genus Centaurium are reliably confirmed in the flora of Ukraine. C. erythraea, C. pulchellum, C. littorale, and C. tenuiflorum. The evidence presented indicates that C. erythraea is the most widespread and ecologically plastic species, whereas the other species are characterised by fragmented distribution ranges, specialisation to specific ecological conditions, and increased population vulnerability.
A significant degree of attention is devoted to the analysis of the chemical composition of Centaurium species. The following data is presented in summary form: information pertaining to the localization and organ specificity of biologically active compounds. It has been established that secoiridoid glycosides, flavonoids, xanthone derivatives, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids play a leading role in the phytochemical profile. It has been demonstrated that the aerial parts constitute the primary source of secoiridoid glycosides, while the underground organs are distinguished by elevated levels of specific iridoids and triterpenoid compounds. The primary pharmacological activities of biologically active compounds are characterised by stimulatory effects on the digestive system, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. The utilisation of Centaurium species in both conventional and traditional medicine is emphasised, along with their function in combination with other herbal preparations for the management of gastrointestinal and urinary system diseases.
It is concluded that species of the genus Centaurium represent valuable phytogenic resources and promising objects for further pharmacognostic, ecological, and conservation-oriented research.

Keywords


Centaurium Hill; biologically active compounds; secoiridoid glycosides; medicinal plants; pharmacological activity

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.25.3.7

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