ANALYSIS OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE COMMON WATERMELON (CIRCULLUS LANATUS (THUNB.) MATSUM. ET NAKAI) TO GROWTH IN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

L. R. Hrytsak, M. Ya. Kravets

Abstract


The results of the research of a number of Ukrainian and foreign researchers regarding modern climate changes that have occurred in Ukraine, which contribute to the cultivation of melon crops, in particular, common watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai), in uncharacteristic agroclimatic zones, are analyzed. It is shown that wild watermelon plants have a high level of expression of genes responsible for: root morphogenesis and their enhanced development; rapid response of the respiratory apparatus water deficit; accumulation of citrulline in the leaves, which has a higher activity of absorbing hydroxyl radicals. Such peculiarities of the genotype of the wild type of watermelon made it possible to significantly expand the range of ecological plasticity to the influence of abiotic factors of its modern cultivated varieties and hybrids. This makes it possible to consistently obtain sufficiently high yields of watermelons in changing growing conditions.
The change in the temperature regime, amount and distribution of precipitation by season, which occurred over the last decades in the Western region of Ukraine, as well as the physicochemical characteristics (density of the upper horizon, water permeability, acidity of the aqueous solution, nutrient regime) of gray podzolized soils and typical chernozems contribute to the cultivation of watermelon ordinary It was found that in agro-climatic zones atypical for this crop, the adaptive potential and yield of its plants can be significantly increased by using a number of agrotechnological techniques. Using the method of grafting watermelon seedlings onto bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Stanld) allows to increase the yield of watermelon fruits and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Optimizing the light regime for growing watermelon seedlings, which involves additional lighting for 10 days with mixed LEDs with a light intensity of 100 μmol•m -2 •s, significantly improves its quality. Ensuring the optimal regime of irrigation of plants at a specific phenophase of their development allows for a purposeful influence on the growth of aerial parts of plants and their yield. Colonization of plants with arbuscular mycorrhiza increases the expression of genes responsible for the processes of photosynthesis and antioxidant response, which significantly increases the resistance of individuals to drought stress.

Keywords


ordinary watermelon; adaptive potential; agro-ecological conditions; Western region of Ukraine

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.23.3-4.10

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