MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE FLORA OF TERNOPIL

Abstract

The increased demand for medicines of natural origin has prompted the search for new plants possessing specific pharmacological properties. Despite the advent of effective synthetic drugs, medicinal plants remain a primary source of potent remedies for treating and preventing various human body system disorders. The aim was to analyse the distribution and establish the species composition of medicinal plants (which bloom in April-May) growing in Ternopil. A total of thirty three plant species have been identified: Hyoscyamus niger L., Lamium purpureum L., Ajuga reptans L., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her., Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Dactylis glomerata L., Symphytum officinale L., Symphytum tuberosum L., Ranunculus acris L., Ranunculus cassubicus L., Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit., Galeobdolon luteum, Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Gagea lutea L. Ker Gawl., Stellaria holostea L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, Trifolium pratense L., Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg, Papaver rhoeas L., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill, Tussilago farfara L., Ficaria verna Huds., Glechoma hederacea L., Fumaria officinalis L., Bellis perennis L., Fragaria vesca L., Thlaspi arvense L., Poa pratensis L., Viola odorata L., Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh., Chelidonium majus L.
Systematic analysis showed that the species belong to the following families: Solanaceae (3 %), Lamiaceae (12 %), Geraniaceae (3 %), Brassicaceae (9 %), Poaceae (6 %), Boraginaceae (9 %), Ranunculaceae (9 %), Asteraceae (15 %), Liliaceae (3 %), Caryophyllaceae (6 %), Fabaceae (6 %), Papaveraceae (9 %), Rosaceae (3 %), Violaceae (3 %). The identified species belong to 28 genera. Among the 33 species identified in Ternopil, no medicinal properties were found or they were little studied in Dactylis glomerata, Ranunculus cassubicus, Senecio vernalis, Lamium galeobdolon, Gagea lutea, Rabelera holostea, Stellaria media, Leucanthemum vulgare, Myosotis arvensis, Poa pratensis. The studied plants are classified according to their main pharmacological properties (used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, etc.). Most of the analyzed plants are utilized in traditional medicine, while some are incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations. There are poisonous medicinal plants (Hyoscyamus niger, Chelidonium majus, Senecio vernalis, Ranunculus acris, Symphytum officinale, Symphytum tuberosum, Papaver rhoeas, Ficaria verna). There were not plants in the Official List of Regionally Rare Plants of the Ternopil Region or in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009).