CURRENT CAUSES OF HIGHLAND GENUS GENTIANA L. SPECIES HABITAT FRAGMENTATION

L. R. Hrytsak, O. Yu. Mayorova, M. Z. Prokopiak, N. M. Drobyk

Abstract


Peculiarities of changes in chorology of rare species Gentiana lutea L., Gentiana punctata L., Gentiana acaulis L. in the Ukrainian Carpathians have been analyzed and the reasons which cause fragmentation of these species’ populations and destabilization of their habitats have been determined. The existence of 10 natural and 3 introduced populations of G. lutea, 6 partial populations of G. punctata on Chornohora, Svydovets and Marmarosh massifs, as well as 7 partial populations of G. acaulis has been confirmed. Eight populations of G. lutea disappeared from the flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians. During the 2nd half of the 20th century, G. punctata was extirpated in large open spaces in the mountains of Chornohora, Chyvchyn, and Svydovets. The area of most of the existing populations of G. acaulis decreased to 0.3 ha. The lower boundary of species ranges in altitude direction has shifted to 200-250 m (G. acaulis), 300-350 m (G. punctata), 500 m (G. lutea); the optimum of abiotic conditions of G.lutea and G. punctatа moved from southern slopes to north-western and north-eastern slopes, while populations of G. acaulis on southern slopes localized at altitudes close to the extreme upper limit of their range. The main factors predetermining structural and functional changes in the intrapopulation and spatial organization include the transformation of motley grass groupings into densely turfed secondary cenoses; determination of reserveogenic successions due to decline in mountain animal husbandry and significant increase (from 1-2 % to 90 %) in the projective cover of shrubs in species growth localities; recreation (especially in case of G. acaulis); picking plants for bunches and digging them up.

Keywords


G. lutea; G. punctata; G. acaulis; chorology; habitat destabilization factors

References


Vyshnevskyy V. I., Shevchuk S. A. Vykorystannia danykh dystantsiynoho zonduvannia Zemli dlia ziasuvannia termichnykh osoblyvostey Ukrainskykh Karpat. Ukrainskyy zhurnal dystantsiynoho zonduvannia Zemli. 2017. T. 12. S. 47–52. [in Ukrainian]

Zhyttiezdatnist populiatsiy roslyn vysokohiria Ukrainskykh Karpat / za red. Y. Tsaryka. Lviv : Merkator, 2009. 172 s. [in Ukrainian]

Kaule H., Tasienkevych L. O. Znakhidka Gentiana acaulis L. (Gentianaceae) u Skolivskykh Beskydakh (Ukrainski Karpaty). Ukrainskyy botanichnyy zhurnal. 2007. T. 64, No 5. S. 730–732. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H. Variabelnist ontohenezu osobyn u populiatsiiakh ridkisnykh vydiv roslyn vysokohiria Ukrainskykh Karpat. Naukovi osnovy zberezhennia biotychnoi riznomanitnosti. 2012. T. 3 (10), No 1. S. 77–92. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H. Antropohenni chynnyky zahrozy populiatsiiam ridkisnykh vydiv roslyn vysokohiria Ukrainskykh Karpat. Roslynnyy svit u chervoniy knyzi Ukrainy: vprovadzhennia hlobalnoi stratehii zberezhennia roslyn : materialy III mizhnarod. nauk. konf. (Lviv, 4–7 cherv. 2014 r.). Lviv : Instytut ekolohii Karpat, 2014. S. 116–118. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H. Zminy struktury populiatsiy ridkisnykh ta endemichnykh vydiv roslyn vysokohiria Karpat pid vplyvom antropohennykh chynnykiv. Naukovi osnovy zberezhennia biotychnoi riznomanitnosti. 2013. T. 4 (11), No 1. S. 111–122. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H. Osoblyvosti susidstva, asotsiyovanosti i vzaiemovplyvu mizh populiatsiiamy ridkisnykh vydiv roslyn u vysokohiri Karpat. Naukovi zapysky derzhavnoho pryrodoznavchoho muzeiu. 2007. Vyp. 23. S. 31–42. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H., Bilonoha V. M. Suchasni strukturni zminy populiatsiy roslyn vysokohiria Ukrainskykh Karpat. Naukovi zapysky derzhavnoho pryrodoznavchoho muzeiu. 2016. T. 32. S. 39–48. [in Ukrainian]

Kyiak V. H., Shtupun V., Bilonoha V. M. Klimatohenni zahrozy populiatsiiam ridkisnykh i endemichnykh vydiv roslyn vysokohiria Ukrainskykh Karpat. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia biolohichna. 2016. Vyp. 74. S. 104–115. [in Ukrainian]

Klimatohenni zminy roslynnoho svitu Ukrainskykh Karpat : monohrafiia / Didukh Ya. P. ta in.; nauk. red. Ya. P. Didukh, I. I. Chorney. Chernivtsi : Druk Art, 2016. 280 s. [in Ukrainian]

Kobiv Yu. Y. Zberezhennia oselyshch ridkisnykh vydiv roslyn. Zberezhennia biotychnoho riznomanittia u vysokohiri Ukrainskykh Karpat / za red. Y. V. Tsaryka. Lviv : Merkator, 2009b. S. 19–22. [in Ukrainian]

Kobiv Yu. Y. Rol prydatnykh mikrooselyshch u samovidnovlenni populiatsiy ridkisnykh vydiv roslyn Ukrainskykh Karpat. Ukrainskyy botanichnyy zhurnal. 2012. T. 69, No 2. S. 178–189. [in Ukrainian]

Krys Z.-O. P. Ekologo-biologicheskie predposylki okhrany i obogashcheniia zapasov gorechavki zheltoy (Gentiana lutea L.) v Ukrainskikh Karpatakh : avtoref. dis. na soiskanie nauch. stepeni kand. biol. nauk : 03.00.05. Kiїv, 1972. 28 s. [in Russian]

Kulbanska S.M., Buniak V.I. Ridkisni vydy rodyny Gentianaceae v Skhidnykh Horhanakh. Roslynnyy svit u Chervoniy knyzi Ukrainy: vprovadzhennia Hlobalnoi stratehii zberezhennia roslyn : materialy mizhnar. konf. (Kyiv, 11–15 zhovtnia 2010 r.). Kyiv: Alterpres, 2010. C. 118–119. [in Ukrainian]

Kushynska M. Konsortyvna struktura predstavnykiv rodu Gentiana L. u vysokohiri Ukrainskykh Karpat. Visnyk Lvivskoho univnrsytetu. Seriia biolohichna. 2010. Vyp. 52. S. 117–125. [in Ukrainian]

Malynovskyy K. A., Krichfalushiy V. V. Vysokohirna roslynnist. Kyiv : Fitosotsiotsentr, 2000. 232 s. [in Ukrainian]

Moskaliuk B. I. Suchasnyy stan populiatsiy vysokohirnykh vydiv rodu Gentiana L. ta naukovi osnovy ikh okhorony v Ukrainskykh Karpatakh : avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. biol. nauk : 03.00.05. Kyiv, 2010. 20 s. [in Ukrainian]

Moskaliuk B. I., Komendar V. I. Vysokohirni vydy rodu Gentiana L. v Ukrainskykh Karpatakh ta naukovi osnovy ikh okhorony. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Seriia «Biolohiia». 2008. T. 24. S. 234–243. [in Ukrainian]

Struktura populiatsiy ridkisnykh vydiv flory Karpat / K. A. Malynovskyy ta in. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 1998. 176 s. [in Ukrainian]

Tyrlych zhovtyy (Gentiana lutea L.) v Ukrainskykh Karpatakh / Bedey M. I., Krys O. P., Voloshchuk M. I., Makhanets I. A. Uzhhorod : PP «Povch R.M», 2010. 132 s. [in Ukrainian]

Tsaryk Y. V., Horban I. M., Reshetylo O. S. Faktory zahroz bioriznomanittiu zapovidnykh terytoriy Ukrainskykh Karpat, Roztochchia ta Zakhidnoho Polissia : monohr. Lviv : SPOLOM, 2016. S. 120. [in Ukrainian]

Chervona knyha Ukrainy. Roslynnyy svit / za red. Ya. P. Didukha. Kyiv : Hlobalkonsaltynh, 2009. 900 s. [in Ukrainian]

Chopyk V. I. Vysokohirna flora Ukrainskykh Karpat. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1976. 269 s. [in Ukrainian]

Catorci A., Piermarteri K., Tardella F. M. Pedo-climatic and land use preferences of Gentiana lutea subsp. lutea in central Italy. Plant Ecology and Evolution. 2014. Vol. 147, № 2. Р. 176–186. doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2014.962.

Kobiv Yu. Response of rare alpine plant species to climate change in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Geobotanica. 2017. Vol. 52, № 2. P. 217–226.

Kobiv Yu., Prokopiv A., Nachychko V., Borsukevych L., Helesh M. Distribution and population status of rare plant species in the Marmarosh Mountains (Ukrainian Carpathians). Ukrainian Botanical Journal. 2017. Vol. 74, Iss. 2. Р. 163–176.

Mayorova O. Yu., Hrytsak L. R., Drobyk N. M. The Strategy of Gentiana lutea L. рopulations in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Russian Journal of Ecology. 2015. Vol. 46 (1). P. 43–50.

Taulavuori K., Laine K., Taulavuori E. Experimental studies on Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea in relation to air pollution and global change at northern high latitudes: a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013. Vol. 87. P. 191–196.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.3.4

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License